It can be stated that self-regulated learning (SRL) brings broad benefits to the process of students' learning and studying. However, research has yet to be undertaken in relation to one of its components, namely self-regulation of motivation and affectivity. The main objectives of this study are to examine the use of self-motivation strategies that involve classmates and to obtain models on the influence of academic goals and self-efficacy on such self-motivation strategies. To this end, was conducted a study using two (...) different samples of students in the compulsory secondary education or baccalaureate stages in Spain (N = 613 and N = 910). The results obtained indicate that, with regard to gender, differences only exist in the use of the strategy of deception (t = 5.450, p <.001, d =.364). That the two pairs of strategies positively and significantly correlated with one another (r =.239, p <.01 and r =.355, p <.01). That only the strategy of annulation of others correlates with a more adaptive type of motivation. Thus, the group of students that reported the greatest level in its use also did so in relation to task and ego self-enhancing goals, to self-efficacy, and being negatively associated with the goal of work avoidance. Finally, were offered models on relationships between academic goals, self-efficacy and enhancement and annulation strategies (χ² (8) = 5.204, p =.736) and deception and annulation strategies (χ² (4) = 3.228, p =.520). (shrink)

Using microdata from the Wage Structure Survey, we analyse the gender wage gap in the private and public sectors, considering the whole wage distribution. The main contribution is to assume that the decision to work in a sector is a prior process determined endogenously in the model. Thus, the usual Ordinary Least Square estimation is inconsistent, and it is necessary to use alternative techniques. We use quantile regression techniques to calculate how much of the gap is due to differences in (...) returns between men and women and sectors, taking into account the sample selection bias. We find that the size of the gap attributed to different returns varies substantially across the wage distribution. Public sector employees are paid higher wages, on average, than their counterparts in the private sector, and the gap is wider for women. Moreover, the proportion of the gender wage gap explained tends to be greater for workers who are at the bottom of the wage distribution in both sectors. A look at the whole wage distribution reveals that discrimination in the gender wage gap is typically higher at its top than at its bottom, suggesting that glass ceilings are more prevalent than sticky floors for both men and women. (shrink)

Authentic leadership has become increasingly important in the literature, attracting the attention of many scholars in the last decade. This study adopted an employee-centered perspective to guide its examination of the relationship between authentic leadership and individual performance and investigation of the sequential mediation of employees’ affective commitment and individual creativity. An analysis was conducted of data collected from 214 employees working in different business sectors. The results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between authentic leadership and employees’ workplace performance, (...) which are both directly connected and indirectly linked through the two proposed psychosocial mechanisms. The findings thus indicate that authentic leadership reinforces workers’ emotional connection with their organizations, thereby increasing their individual creativity and, subsequently, promoting better on-the-job performance. This study presents new and significant results since, on the one hand, it relied on a sequential mediation analysis of variables and, on the other hand, integrated the four main constructs into a single model. The proposed model displays the chain of effects between authentic leadership, affective commitment, individual creativity, and employee workplace performance. Implications for organizational management are discussed. (shrink)

Con el objetivo de demostrar que el sistema de control masculino renacentista tenía grietas de las que algunas mujeres eran plenamente conscientes, efectuamos un análisis del teresiano Libro de la vida a partir de los principales conceptos de la antropología filosófica clásica, asumiendo que una de las herramientas femeninas de expansión política es la publicación de una autobiografía en la que se explica no sólo cómo es el mundo sino también cómo debería ser. Así, se defiende que este libro de (...) Teresa de Ávila establece una propuesta ética de vida en la que se ofrecen pautas de comportamiento a la vez que la autora se configura a sí misma como ser-femenino-en-el-mundo, como fémina-en-el-aquí-y-ahora y como mujer-locuens. La clave está en comprender que a lo largo de la historia numerosas intelectuales empleaban la autobiografía para dar su voz al mundo, pues les estaban vetados los discursos teológicos o filosóficos tal y como se concebían en la cosmovisión patriarcal. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo es plantear una revisión de los clásicos de la filosofía para ampliar nuestro conocimiento histórico y, a la vez, abrir la puerta a nuevas posibles conceptualizaciones de lo político. Concretamente, defendemos que puede haber relevantes pensadoras entre las mujeres religiosas del Renacimiento (y probablemente antes), cuyos escritos son difíciles de analizar desde la perspectiva empleada para estudiar los textos prototípicos del género discursivo. Para solventar esta dificultad, partimos de dos premisas: a) la configuración de los universos (...) discursivos en que se les permite tomar parte no tiene por qué coincidir con la de los discursos prototípicamente masculinos; y b) no se puede comprender el buen gobierno del convento, entendido como una particular civitas (filosofía política), sin la experiencia religiosa femenina como medio para legitimar un poder que no les es reconocido por medios humanos (mística política). A modo de ejemplo, analizamos desde esta distinción entre filosofía política y mística política dos tratados de la carmelita descalza María de san José Salazar, _Consejos que da una priora_ (1590) y _Maestra de novicias_ (1602), en los que se proponen recomendaciones para el virtuoso gobierno conventual femenino basadas en una incuestionable experiencia de gestión. (shrink)

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el sexismo y el feminismo en el futuro profesorado. La muestra se compone de 692 personas y los datos se obtienen con la administración de la escala ISA para medir el sexismo ambivalente (hostil y benevolente) y la escala The self-identification as feminis para medir la identificación feminista. Los resultados muestran que los hombres presentan mayores niveles que las mujeres tanto de sexismo hostil como de benevolente, y que las mujeres se identifican más (...) con el feminismo. También encontramos que a mayor nivel educativo menores son las actitudes sexistas. En conclusión, parece que la educación es una herramienta eficaz para trabajar tanto el sexismo como el feminismo. (shrink)

En este texto se analiza la posibilidad de integrar los resultados deinvestigaciones empíricas a las principales discusiones teóricas entorno a la motivación moral, un territorio especialmente escabrosode la metaética, específicamente, de la psicología moral. Para esto sepresentan, grosso modo, los dos principales debates en torno a la motivaciónmoral, los argumentos e intuiciones de las que parten las distintasposturas respecto al origen y la naturaleza de la motivación moral.

En el presente artículo se analiza la hipótesis que afirma que la moral tiene un papel clave en nuestra historia evolutiva como seres humanos: asegurar el orden social y la cooperación. Dicha hipótesis es compartida por muchos autores actuales de la Teoría Empíricamente Informada de la Moral, si bien fue postulada desde el siglo XVII por Thomas Hobbes. En ambos tipos de teoría, la que viene de la filosofía clásica y la que viene de los estudios empíricos, la finalidad —cooperar— (...) se comparte, los mecanismos que llevan a ella, no. Se analiza si tales mecanismos —racionales, en el primer caso, emocionales, en el segundo— pueden integrarse, así como el papel que tienen en nuestras vidas morales. Luego de analizar ambas teorías, se profundiza en las características específicas de las normas que catalogamos como morales, su relación con la cooperación y los alcances y limitaciones que se seguirían de asumir el asegurar la cooperación como el criterio prescriptivo que subyace a nuestras normas morales, desde el caso del Contractevolismo. (shrink)

This research is part of the project "Corporate Social Responsibility in Ecuadorian savings and credit cooperatives. A multi-case analysis and proposal for the development of a cooperative education program" and examines the synergy between cooperative principles, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the dimensions proposed for a Cooperative Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement model in Ecuador. It explores how these dimensions converge to promote ethical, sustainable and socially responsible practices, aligned with current regulatory compliance. CSR has become increasingly important in cooperatives, (...) becoming a fundamental practice that encompasses cooperative governance, economic, social, environmental, ethical and technological dimensions. This study describes the methodological process for the validation of a CSR instrument in cooperatives, reviewed and validated by experts from Spain, Ecuador, Guatemala, Argentina and Cuba, using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the relevance and clarity of the questionnaire items. This process ensures that the instrument is suitable for assessing CSR practices in credit unions, providing a reliable tool for the continuous improvement of their operations. (shrink)

RESUMEN: La dificultad de elaborar políticas públicas capaces de integrar una estrategia de acción dirigida a la participación política y el ejercicio de una ciudadanía activa por parte de las mujeres obliga a recapacitar sobre modelos de actuación cuyo objetivo contemple al mismo tiempo la dimensión colectiva y la individual del empoderamiento político, como clave estratégica para el diseño de políticas de igualdad de género que pretendan tal finalidad. El presente trabajo ofrece una propuesta de medidas para las políticas de (...) igualdad que, combinadas unas con otras atendiendo a la situación actual del panorama político, responden a una estrategia de acción integral para el empoderamiento político de las mujeres.ABSTRACT: The difficulty of developing public policies capable of integrating an action strategy aimed at political participation and the exercise of active citizenship by women forced to rethink models of action aimed at the same time contemplating collective and individual dimension of political empowerment as a strategic key to the design of gender equality policies that seek this purpose. This work presents a proposal of measures for equality policies, combined with each other in response to the current situation of the Spanish panorama, reflect a comprehensive action strategy for the political empowerment of women.PALABRAS CLAVE: empoderamiento; políticas; ciudadanía; participación; igualdad. KEYWORDS: empowerment; policies; citizenship; participation; equality. (shrink)

El término transmedia acuñado por Jenkins (2003) hace referencia a aquellos relatos que expanden sus historias a través de diferentes canales de distribución. Esta manera de construir relatos narrativos se vuelve sumamente interesante y natural para la generación Alfa y Zeta. Ante este escenario, la asignatura universitaria Creation of transmedia stories se presenta como una oportunidad para que los estudiantes exploren las posibilidades del transmedia y lo apliquen de manera específica a un producto cultural. En este artículo se analizará un (...) caso de estudio aplicado en el aula. (shrink)

The purpose of the present investigation is to analyze Heidegger’s critic to Plato’s thought on the question of being with the aim to show that, even though the point of view of such critic varies through the years, the objections remain the same as those who appear in Heidegger’s lecture course about Plato’s Sophist. At the same time, we will try to define the nature of the relationship between both thinkers, that is, if what Plato proposed on the question of (...) being was, given Heidegger’s eminently negative appraisal of Plato’s philosophy, indeed far from what the author of Being and Time stood for or if, on the contrary, Heidegger may had found in Plato a source of inspiration thanks to which he would have developed the fundamental concepts of his own philosophy. (shrink)

The main objective of this work is to examine the prevalence of psychopathy in the general adult population from the main currently existing theoretical perspectives of psychopathy, using for this purpose the five-factor or Big Five model as a common language that allows the comparison and integration of the personality traits considered as defining psychopathy by these different perspectives. The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised was applied to a sample of 682 adults of the general Spanish population. The prevalence of clinical and (...) subclinical psychopathy was calculated according to six different definitions of these two constructs based on Hare’s, Lilienfeld’s, triarchic, and DSM-5-hybrid models, and the simultaneous presence of a minimum number of personality traits that differed from the sample mean by one standard deviation. Prevalence rates for the different definitions were consistently low, indicating that the prevalence of clinical psychopathy in the general Spanish population is around 0.55%, and that of subclinical psychopathy is around 1.65%. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of psychopathy. These results question the alarmist claims that warn about the existence in society of a very high number of people with psychopathy who can cause many social, economic, physical, and psychological damage to others. (shrink)

La composición polifónica musical nos permite hablar de la emergencia, en el sur y desde el sur que somos, de Voces de la Tierra, que han susurrado, cantado, llorado o gritado el dolor producido por las maneras de habitar humanas construidas en la modernidad cosificadora de la tierra y del mundo de la vida, modernidad mercantil, industrial y global cuya ética se ha reducido a valores absolutamente euro-antropo-racional-centristas, permeados por el valor supremo del capital. En este artículo, emergente de pensadores (...) ambientales latinoamericanos y pensadores-otros que han sospechado radicalmente del edificio de la ética ambiental emergente de la conferencia del Club de Roma o del Informe Burndtland, intentamos desplegar lo ético, como ethos con e larga, que en griego significa casa, y desde este lugar de enunciación, intentamos salirnos del sujeto y del objeto en la variación ética ambiental eurocentrista, y proponer con las voces de la tierra sur, abya yala, diseños del ethos, ligado óntica-relacionalmente con el cuerpo-tierra. Diseñamos, inspirados en Husserl, Heidegger, Deleuze, Guattari, Ángel-Maya, Enrique Leff, Noguera, Echeverri, pensadores-otros y voces de montañas, animales, ríos, y plantas, la vida, territorios de libertad entendida ésta como expansión de los cuerpos en la naturaleza y de paz integral y completa, entendiendo que no puede haber paz, si no amamos ni respetamos la tierra que somos. Esto exige el giro óntico-etico- estético-político de la ética en clave de un Pensamiento Ambiental Sur. (shrink)

Existe una escisión del hombre con la naturaleza inscrita en los aspectos de la vida; la civilización moderna está en crisis ambiental, de la cultura, de sentido, de la técnica y de la manera en que habita y crea hábitat el hombre. La técnica moderna se ha instaurado de la mano de la ciencia y la economía llamándose tecnología: una manera de la techné distanciada de sus orígenes y que ha pasado de la creación e invención a una repetibilidad que (...) solo permite crear lo que cumple las condiciones e ideales establecidos por un modelo económico. Mientras la techné se comprende en un mundo de la vida, en un lugar con espacio y tiempo, la técnica moderna se cree separada de él. Se propone entonces un giro en el pensar/habitar hacia la techné, para un reencuentro con el mundo de la vida. (shrink)

The roles companion animals have played in our lives has dramatically changed over the last few decades. At the same time, the terms we use to describe both the people and animals in these human-animal relationships have also changed. One example includes the use of the terms ‘owner’ or ‘guardian’ to refer to the human caretaker. While preferences by society appear to indicate increased interest in referring to companion animal caretakers as ‘guardians’, others have cautioned against its use or attempted (...) to restrict it. Additionally, the use of animal welfare terminology has direct implications for how we conduct both welfare research and practice. Our paper examines the use of ‘owner’ and ‘guardian’ with respect to (1) the implications for changing terminology on the function, clarity and uniformity of their use, and (2) the ethical and welfare impact that coincides with each term’s use. Our goal is to propose terminological considerations that could influence future welfare research, as well as help guide our interactions with companion animals. (shrink)

The feeling of error (FOE) is the subjective experience that something went wrong during a reasoning or calculation task. The main goal of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the FOE in the context of mental mathematical calculation. We used the number bisection task (NBT) to evoke this metacognitive feeling and assessed it by asking participants if they felt they have committed an error after solving the task. In the NBT participants have to determine whether the number (...) presented in the middle of a triplet corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the two outer numbers (e.g., 07_16_25) with a Yes/No answer. Our results show that FOE reports were strongly correlated with arithmetic errors and numerical properties of the NBT, suggesting that the FOE accurately represents the error. This finding indicates that even very fast metacognitive feelings are reliable when it comes to evaluating one’s own mental performance. Moreover, our results suggest that the occurrence of FOEs is determined by the fluency with which each triplet was solved and the post-decision evaluation processes that occurred after the NBT was solved. Additionally, we asked participants to report their confidence in the given answer for the cases where they did not report FOEs. Participants reported less confidence for the (objectively) incorrect answers than for the (objectively) correct ones, suggesting that in cases where they did not have a conscious FOE they still were able to implicitly detect their errors. Remarkably, confidence was also determined by the fluency of the NBT. (shrink)

Background: The development of professional values in nursing is directly related to quality and ethical clinical practise and may also increase practitioner and patients’ satisfaction. Some factors, such as work setting or work experience, can influence the importance granted to the professional values of nursing. Objectives: To compare in primary care nurses and hospital care nurses the importance granted to professional values and to contrast this perception as a function of professional experience. Research design, participants and research context: Descriptive cross-sectional (...) study. Participants were 380 nursing professionals from the public health system (primary care and hospital care). Three dimensions were analysed: ethics, professional expertise and professional mastery. Data were collected from January to June 2015. Ethical considerations: We obtained permission from the Ethics Committee and participants’ informed consent. Findings: Hospital care professionals attached more importance to all the values analysed, regardless of their work experience. Ethical values, such as confidentiality and respect for the person, were considered to be very important in both systems. Values related to professional expertise obtained lower scores, especially in primary care. In general, professionals with more than 20 years’ experience granted less importance to the values. Conclusion: The professional setting influenced the importance assigned to professional nursing values, and clear differences were observed between primary and hospital care. The domain of ethics was considered the most important. It is necessary to reflect on the significance attributed to professional values, especially in more expert nursing staff. (shrink)

Enhancing the quality of learning opportunities for students with disabilities and the learning level attained is a pending challenge. This challenge is especially relevant in the context of special schools, where the learning possibilities derived from interactions with others is limited. However, providing these students with a sufficient level of instrumental learning, such as literacy, and communicative and reasoning abilities is crucial for their subsequent educational and social opportunities. In this case study we analyse a special school that has implemented (...) Dialogic Literary Gatherings with their students as a means to increase learning interactions within the group around the reading and debate of classical books. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the school principal and with a teacher of the transition to adult life course, and two focus groups were conducted with teachers–one with primary education teachers and one with secondary education teachers–and two focus groups with students–one with primary education students and one secondary education and transition to adult life students–. On the one hand, results show the characteristics of the Dialogic Literary Gatherings that allowed these students to participate and learn. On the other hand, several improvements have been observed. First, regarding instrumental learning, students increased their motivation for reading, and improved their communicative and reasoning abilities and in their reading proficiency. Second, regarding students' behavior, conflict has reduced, solidarity attitudes have increased, and they have acquired dialogic and argumentative habits. Finally, at the emotional level, they gained self-esteem and confidence and feel more empowered to make their voice heard. (shrink)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment, the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.MethodsStructural MRI was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT profiles, namely, A−T−−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−−: AD pathologic change; and A+T++: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.ResultsAn initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe areas was found in the A+T−− and (...) A+T++ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T++ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status.ConclusionsMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Drawing upon a distinction between epistemically and metaphysically motivated notions of a concept, I consider the insurmountable problems of theories that appeal to our epistemic capacities to address the problem of the nature of concepts satisfactorily. Prominent theories of concepts hold that primitive concepts must have internal structure if they are to account for the explanatory functions that cognitive scientists have attributed to such constructs as prototypes, exemplars, and theories. Vindicating the role of non-experimental philosophy in the critical examination (...) of empirical theories, I argue that the explanatory effectiveness of those constructs is orthogonal to an argument concerning the structure of primitive concepts. Conceptual atomism provides an alternative approach to individuating primitive concepts the precise formulation of which has yet to be worked out. Despite its unpopularity, the atomist alternative is still in a better position to face the question of what concepts are than its competitors. RESUMEN Haciendo una distinción entre nociones de concepto epistémica y metafísicamente motivadas, considero las dificultades insuperables que enfrentan las teorías que apelan a nuestras capacidades epistémicas para abordar el problema de la naturaleza de los conceptos. Las teorías de conceptos más importantes sostienen que los conceptos primitivos deben poseer una estructura interna para cumplir aquellas funciones explicativas que científicas y científicos cognitivos les han atribuido a constructos tales como prototipos, ejemplares y teorías. Reivindicando el aporte de la filosofía no experimental en la evaluación de teorías empíricas, planteo que un argumento a favor de la estructura de los conceptos primitivos es independiente del poder explicativo de dichos constructos. El atomismo conceptual proporciona un enfoque alternativo para individualizar conceptos primitivos cuya formulación precisa aún no se ha elaborado. Pese a su impopularidad, la alternativa atomista está en una mejor posición que sus rivales para enfrentar la pregunta acerca de qué tipo de cosas son los conceptos. (shrink)

Childhood obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet, is one of the main problems in today’s Western societies. In this sense, the aim of the study was to analyze students’ perceived satisfaction in physical education classes with learning strategies and engagement in learning and critical thinking as determinants of healthy lifestyle habits. The study involved 2,439 high school students aged 12–18 years (M= 14.66,SD= 1.78). Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the predictive relationships between the study (...) variables. The results showed that teaching, teaching mastery, and cognitive development are precursors to deep thinking on the part of students, indicators of the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits. These results reflect the importance of the methodology adopted by the teacher in order to positively influence the students’ habits. (shrink)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la relación de la mejora del rendimiento académico y dominio de tres competencias digitales: manejo de información digital y comunicación en el entorno digital, colaboración y, creación del contenido digital al ser usados por el estudiante universitario en su proceso de aprendizaje activo, cómo codifican la información que aprenden, cómo comunican su desarrollo y cómo crean sus conocimientos para cumplir un propósito de mejora en sus notas y mejora académica.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de construção de um curso de formação de professores de ciências e de matemática com caráter interdisciplinar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de alguns aspectos da história da educação em ciências e matemática no Brasil que ainda se manifestam nas práticas pedagógicas e dos contextos político e social nos quais se desenvolveu a experiência de construção do Curso de Ciências – licenciatura da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A tradição (...) de disciplinas escolares independentes e a própria formação disciplinar dos docentes do curso constituíram grandes desafios para a implantação de um curso interdisciplinar, com foco na promoção do diálogo das ciências naturais e da matemática com os desafios sociais e educacionais da atualidade brasileira. A análise aponta que nesse percurso foram enfrentados muitos desafios de ordem conceitual, estrutural e institucional, mas que o resultado (ainda em movimento) foi a organização de um curso com bases teóricas híbridas que desenvolve grande variedade de experiências de integração dos campos da ciência e da matemática e promove uma formação interdisciplinar e contextualizada. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca sacar a la luz los problemas epistemológicos que entraña, desde una perspectiva de género, la selección del canon literario en que se ha tomado por «natural» la exclusión de numerosos textos femeninos. Partiendo de un concepto sociocultural de «práctica» y distinguiendo entre la científica y laliteraria, se analizan dos poemas (uno de María de San José Salazar y otro de Lope de Vega) en cuya semejanza formal parece no haberse reparado. La indiferencia por el texto femenino, (...) frente a la abrumadora tinta vertida sobre el masculino, puede encontrarse en dos grupos de razones: extradiscursivos (práctica científica) e intradiscursivos (práctica literaria). La principal conclusión apunta a que el poema de Lope de Vega es individualista, universalizante y activo, mientras que el de Salazar ofrece una correlación de categorías que permiten entender la riqueza de una propuesta vital inclusiva, en discordancia con lo que se espera de un texto desde la práctica científica históricamente patriarcal. (shrink)

BackgroundFor a long time, in sports, researchers have tried to understand an expert by comparing them with novices, raising the doubts if the visual search characteristics distinguish experts from novices. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes.MethodsThis systematic review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines. Healthy team athletes were included, which engaged in regular practice, (...) from any sex or competitive level, specifically classified a priori as expert or novice in the original research. We considered only research published in peer-reviewed journals, with no limitations regarding date or language. It was considered healthy team sport athletes engaged in regular practice. The scenarios could be in situ or film-based. The databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were used to perform the searches. The risk of bias was calculated through the RoBANS tool.ResultsFrom a total of 6,257 records, of which 985 were duplicates, titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of those, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling the eligibility criteria regarding participants. In the end, 22 studies were selected, however, as two studies were part of the same trial and were analyzed conjointly.DiscussionExperts showed to be older and with more years of practice. The ability to distinguish experts from novices was not so clear regarding the variables analyzed. This could be due to the strategies chosen in each study, which were specific to each scenario, and when grouping all together, it was lost information within non-representative averages. The distinction between experts and novices was not clear, showing a lot of heterogeneity in the included studies. The expert classification itself may have been the conditioning aspect for these results, retaining the doubt and the need for more studies in the field.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was pre-registered in OSF. (shrink)

This paper focuses on contributing to a better understanding of the study of Digital Competencies, Digital Skills in Higher Education. First, we have developed a descriptive analysis of journals and authors to understand the meaning of digital competencies and skills and their development in Higher Education. Secondly, we have analysed the conceptual knowledge using Web of Science; its use is growing rapidly in the research of articles or topics, being considered a topic to investigate and explore due to its importance (...) and relevance. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es definir qué son los estudios culturales, de género y literarios. Reflexionar acerca de la relación que hay entre ellos. Debatir cómo es posible el hecho de que puedan intersectarse éstos. E intentar explicar el funcionamiento teórico y metodológico de dichas interdisciplinas. Asimismo, este trabajo ofrece un panorama general con respecto a la situación actual de los estudios de género y los estudios literarios con esta perspectiva en México: ¿qué es lo que se está haciendo?, (...) ¿cómo?, ¿en dónde? (shrink)

The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is a multilateral, multisectoral partnership comprised of more than 70 countries, international organizations, foundations, and businesses to strengthen global health security.

Review: Berrón, M., Ciencia y dialéctica en Acerca del cielo de Aristóteles, Santa Fe, Ediciones UNL, 282 páginas.

El artículo presenta las principales corrientes y aportaciones del constructivismo social en la ciencia y la tecnología. Reconoce su contribución al ofrecer una imagen de la ciencia como una empresa colectiva y reivindicar una mayor flexibilidad de las interpretaciones y evidencias científico-tecnológicas. Para ello, señala que lo que caracteriza a estas corrientes es un ateísmo o agnosticismo epistemológico. Indica que, paradójicamente, para aprovechar las aportaciones del constructivismo a la ciencia, y también a la ciencia social, es necesario adoptar un compromiso (...) epistemológico que conlleva implicarse en un proceso en el que es preciso ofrecer criterios con los que sea posible reconocer qué evidencia es más robusta o qué métodos y teorías resultan más potentes. (shrink)

La obtención de alimentos sanos y seguros requiere de técnicas de conservación inocuas para el consumidor y para el me­dio ambiente, entre las que se destaca la bioconservación. A su ca­tálogo de compuestos naturales o microorganismos, utilizados de forma habitual, la bioconservación ha incorporado recientemente los bacteriófagos y las proteínas fágicas con actividad lítica. La utilización de fagos y endolisinas en el biocontrol ofrece importantes ventajas frente a otros sistemas de conserva­ción tradicionales. Entre dichas ventajas destacan su inocuidad, especificidad y (...) versatilidad. Por otra parte, la acuciante necesidad de reducir el uso de antibióticos en la cadena alimentaria ha impul­sado la investigación basada en estos antimicrobianos con el fin de aplicarlos en producción primaria. Sin embargo, y a pesar de la gran eficacia ya demostrada en múltiples sectores, la falta de legislación de la Unión Europea sobre el uso de bacteriófa­gos junto con la necesidad de ser aceptados por los consumidores, son factores que están afectando negativamente a su implantación como bioconservantes. En este contexto, este artículo recoge los últimos resultados relacionados con este tipo de antimicrobianos en la industria agro-alimentaria, y resume los puntos clave para entender las posibilidades reales de su aplicación ante los nuevos requisitos asociados con una producción sostenible tanto desde una perspectiva económica como ambiental. (shrink)

Recent research has found that the omission of accent marks in Spanish does not produce slower word identification times in go/no-go lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks [e.g., cárcel = carcel], thus suggesting that vowels like á and a are represented by the same orthographic units during word recognition and reading. However, there is a discrepant finding with the yes/no lexical decision task, where the words with the omitted accent mark produced longer response times than the words with the accent (...) mark. In Experiment 1, we examined this discrepant finding by running a yes/no lexical decision experiment comparing the effects for words and non-words. Results showed slower response times for the words with omitted accent mark than for those with the accent mark present, thus suggesting a bias toward a “word” response for accented items in the yes/no lexical decision task. To test this interpretation, Experiment 2 used the same stimuli with a blocked design and a go/no-go lexical decision task. Results showed similar response times to words regardless of whether the accent mark was omitted. This pattern strongly suggests that the longer response times to words with an omitted accent mark in yes/no lexical decision experiments are a task-dependent effect rather than a genuine reading cost. (shrink)

Although entrepreneurial intention has been widely studied using cognitive models, we still lack entrepreneurial vocation and, therefore, lack disruptive innovations. Entrepreneurship scholars have some understanding of the reasons underlying this weakness, although there is much room for improvement in our learning concerning how to promote entrepreneurship among university students, especially in the transformed context of digital technologies. This paper focuses on the early stages of start-up, and in particular seeks to evaluate what role social and psychological factors play in the (...) development of entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on network theory, we consider the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, we analyze the influence of two types of social networks: face-to-face and online social networks, with the latter proving especially important in digital transformations. In addition, based on affective congruency theory, we relate affect with entrepreneurial intention. Particularly, we evaluate the influence of positive and negative dispositional affectivity on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, since affect and emotions can also be related with social relationships, we analyze whether dispositional affectivities influence entrepreneurial intention through the mediation effect of social networks. Using structural equation modeling, we confirm the impact of both online and face-to-face social networks, as well as positive dispositional affectivity on entrepreneurial intention for 589 higher education students in Spain. However, negative dispositional affectivity is not seen to influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, both face-to-face and online social networks are influenced by positive dispositional affectivity. Moreover, these two types of networks can even partially mediate the relationship between positive dispositional affectivity and entrepreneurial intention. Positive dispositional affectivity can thus influence entrepreneurial intention in two different ways: directly and indirectly through both face-to-face and online social networks. This study provides further insights and adds to the literature on affect, social networks, and entrepreneurial intention. From a broader perspective, we also contribute to the literature on disruptive innovations by explaining how the development of entrepreneurial intentions would have positive consequences for university students vis-à-vis achieving these disruptive innovations. (shrink)

Vaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll‐like (...) receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID‐19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare. (shrink)

Los niños con TDAH tienen dificultades para la elaboración y comprensión de relatos relacionadas con las características cognitivas propias del trastorno. Las alteraciones que experimentan en el control inhibitorio, en la memoria de trabajo y, en suma, en el funcionamiento ejecutivo son responsables de los problemas en el relato. Estos se pueden producir en varios estadios del procesamiento: las dificultades atencionales pueden influir interfiriendo en la entrada de la información; las dificultades en la memoria operativa los hace menos eficaces en (...) el reparto y control de recursos durante la realización de la tarea, lo cual se traduce en dificultades en la evocación de sucesos,…. (shrink)